Gallstones are crystallized substances that can occur within the biliary tree, including the gallbladder and the common bile duct. These stones are composed of cholesterol, bile pigments, and calcium salts. The size varies as well as its chemical structure. It can be as small as a sand grain or as large as a golf ball.

Most likely, the gallstone forms in gallbladder as it stores a concentrate of bile. This bile came from the liver that aids digesting food in the intestine, particularly in fat emulsification. The gallstone that forms in gallbladder can block the normal flow of bile when it dislodges into the ducts; the hepatic ducts that carry bile out from the liver. The cystic duct that take bile to and from the gallbladder. And the common bile duct that passes the bile from cystic and hepatic ducts to the small intestine.
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